1000 BC.Ī gold signet ring from Mycenae dated to 15th century BC shows also the symbol.Ĭrescents appearing together with a star or stars are a common feature of Sumerian iconography, the crescent usually being associated with the moon god Sin (Nanna) and the star with Ishtar ( Inanna, i.e. The star and crescent symbol also appears 16 times on the Berlin Gold Hat, dating from c.
556–539 BC) found at Harran ( Şanlıurfa Museum) Ī very early depiction of the symbol (crescent moon, stars and sun disc) is found on the Nebra sky disc dated from c. History Origins and predecessors Sealing depicting the Neo Sumerian King, Ibbi-Sin seated with a star or Dingir and crescent adjacent to him Depiction of the emblems of Ishtar (Venus), Sin (Moon), and Shamash (Sun) on a boundary stone of Meli-Shipak II (12th century BC) Venus, Sun and Moon on the Stele of Nabonidus (r. Unicode introduced a "star and crescent" character in its Miscellaneous Symbols block, at U+262A (☪). The connotation is widely believed to have come from the flag of the Ottoman Empire, whose prestige as an Islamic empire and caliphate led to the adoption of its state emblem as a symbol of Islam by association. Unlike the cross, which is a symbol of Jesus' crucifixion in Christianity, there is no solid link that connects the star and crescent symbol with the concept of Islam. In the latter 20th century, the star and crescent have acquired a popular interpretation as a " symbol of Islam", occasionally embraced by Arab nationalism or Islamism in the 1970s to 1980s but often rejected as erroneous or unfounded by Muslim commentators in more recent times. The same symbol was used in other national flags introduced during the 20th century, including the flags of Kazakhstan (1917), Azerbaijan (1918), Pakistan (1947), Malaysia (1948), Singapore (1959), Mauritania (1959), Azad Kashmir (1974), Uzbekistan (1991), Turkmenistan (1991) and Comoros (2001). Other states formerly part of the Ottoman Empire also used the symbol, including Libya (1951–1969 and after 2011), Tunisia (1831) and Algeria (1958). The Ottoman flag of 1844, with a white ay-yıldız ( Turkish for "crescent-star") on a red background, continues to be in use as the flag of the Republic of Turkey, with minor modifications. It rose to prominence with its adoption as the flag and national symbol of the Ottoman Empire and some of its administrative divisions ( eyalets and vilayets) and later in the 19th-century Westernizing tanzimat (reforms). The combination is found comparatively rarely in late medieval and early modern heraldry. In numismatics in particular, the term crescent and pellet is used in cases where the star is simplified to a single dot. The star, or Sun, is often shown within the arc of the crescent (also called star in crescent, or star within crescent, for disambiguation of depictions of a star and a crescent side by side). Coins with crescent and star symbols represented separately have a longer history, with possible ties to older Mesopotamian iconography. It has been suggested that the crescent actually represents Venus or even the sun during an eclipse. Both elements have a long history in the iconography of the Ancient Near East as representing either the Sun and Moon or the Moon and Venus (Morning Star) (or their divine personifications).
The symbol is the conjoined representation of a crescent and a star. The conquering Muslim rulers kept the symbol in their coinage during the early years of the caliphate, as the coins were exact replicas of the Sassanian coins. ĭuring the 5th century, it was present in coins minted by the Persian Sassanian Empire the symbol was represented in the coins minted across the empire throughout the Middle East for more than 400 years from the 3rd century until the fall of the Sassanians after the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century.
300 BC, though it became more widely used as the royal emblem of Pontic king Mithridates VI Eupator after he incorporated Byzantium into his kingdom for a short period. It was developed in the Greek colony of Byzantium ca. The star and crescent is an iconographic symbol used in various historical contexts, including as a prominent symbol of the Ottoman Empire, and in contemporary times used as a national symbol for some countries, and a recognized symbol of Islam. Standard modern design of an Islamic star and crescent.
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